Merger Types with Examples - 903 Words

Merger Types - Various Type of Merger A merger refers to the process whereby at least two companies combine to form one single company. Business firms make use of mergers and acquisitions for consolidation of markets as well as for gaining a competitive edge in the industry. Merger types can be broadly classified into the following five subheads as described below. They are Horizontal Merger, Conglomeration, Vertical Merger, Product-Extension Merger and Market-Extension Merger. 1) Horizontal Merger refers to the merger of two companies who are direct competitors of one another. They serve the same market and sell the same product. Examples: Staples, Inc., a superstore retailer of office supplies, wanted to acquire Office Depot,†¦show more content†¦They also seek to serve a common market. This type of merger enables the new company to go in for a pooling in of their products so as to serve a common market, which was earlier fragmented among them. Example: The acquisition of Mobilink Telecom Inc. by Broadcom is a proper example of product extension merger. Broadcom deals in the manufacturing Bluetooth personal area network hardware systems and chips for IEEE 802.11b wireless LAN. Mobilink Telecom Inc. deals in the manufacturing of product designs meant for handsets that are equipped with the Global System for Mobile Communications technology. It is also in the process of being certified to produce wireless networking chips that have high speed and General Packet Radio Service technology. It is expected that the products of Mobilink Telecom Inc. would be complementing the wireless products of Broadcom. 4) Market-Extension Merger occurs between two companies that sell identical products in different markets. It basically expands the market base of the product. Example of market extension merger is the acquisition of Eagle Bancshares Inc by the RBC Centura. Eagle Bancshares is headquartered at Atlanta, Georgia and has 283 workers. It has almost 90,000 accounts and looks after assets worth US $1.1 billion. Eagle Bancshares also holds the Tucker Federal Bank, which is one of the ten biggest banks in the metropolitan Atlanta region as far as depositShow MoreRelatedHorizontal Mergers907 Words   |  4 PagesMergers occur when one business firm buys or acquires another business firm (the acquired firm) and the combined firm maintains the identity of the acquiring firm. Business firms merge for a variety of reasons, both financial and non-financial. There are a number of types of mergers. Horizontal and non-horizontal are just two of many types. WHAT IS HORIZONTAL MERGER? A merger occurring between companies in the same industry. Horizontal merger is a business consolidation that occurs between firmsRead MoreEconomic: Monopoly and Vertical Merger Essay632 Words   |  3 Pagesvertical, and conglomerate mergers? Provide real-world examples of each type of merger. What policy do you think the US should follow toward mergers? Why? Horizontal mergers take place between companies in the same industry. These companies are rivals who sell the same goods or services. When a merger takes place, a rival is eliminated and potential for gains become higher. A vertical merger is one in which a firm or company combines with a supplier or distributor. For example, if a car making firm isRead MoreWhat Are Mergers And Acquisitions?1562 Words   |  7 PagesWhat are mergers and acquisitions? From a legal point of view, ‘merger’, is a process that leads two or more companies cease to be distinct. (Enterprise act 2002). In other words, companies agree to combine their businesses into one entity for economical, operational or any other reasons on a voluntarily basis. Technically, this involves a foundation of a new firm and its shares issue which substitutes all shares of the merged companies. A typical example of a merger can be the formation of ExxonMobilRead MoreFactors Influencing the Success of Takeovers and Mergers Essay example1283 Words   |  6 Pagesitem on telecoms and your own research, to what extent do you think that leadership is the main factor influencing the success of takeovers and mergers? Leardership is influencing and directing the performance of a group members towards achieving the goals of the organisation. Leadership is the main factor influencing the success of takeovers and mergers because Staff who has strong leadership skills will motivate and insipre other employees to achieve the goals and objectives of the firm. ThisRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca ) Essay1746 Words   |  7 Pagesstudies conducted before the ACA was enacted, demonstrated the impact of hospital consolidation on pricing. One example is a study by Melnick Keeler in 2007 which found that hospitals that were part of multi-hospital systems were able to increase their prices more than comparable non-system hospitals (Melnick, 2007). However, since the passage of the ACA, the rate of hospital mergers and acquisitions has increased by 70%. This increased consolidation has resulted in a startling increase in concentrationRead MoreMergers740 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Mergers are referring to the consolidation of two companies. After the merger the two companies became one but acqusition is different than merger because in the acqusition the firm which acquiries the other firm stays solid and the other firm becomes a part of the acquirer. In the mergers the concept which is often used is discounted cash flow method(DCF). This method is for valuation of the companies. There are both some advantages and disadvantages for Discounted Cash Flows. The advantages areRead MoreHealth Care Organizations: Post-Merger Analysis1312 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Post-Merger Analysis The present day truly does present a perspective of a world which is ruled by a tremendous amount of change and adjustment. This sort of rapid evolution is a major part of the health care industry. Hospitals are under a great deal of stress, with many people saying that healthcare today in America is an unsustainable proposition. The gaps and pervasive problems in American healthcare need to be fixed decisively rather than skirted around. Mergers are becoming more and moreRead MoreAn Example Of A Private Sector Business1423 Words   |  6 Pagesoperated by government. An example of a private sector business would be ASDA. Asda Stores limited is an American owned, British founded supermarket retailer. The company has been a subsidiary of the American retail company Wal-Mart since July 1999, and is now the second-largest supermarket chain by market share (Corporate Watch 1996-2014).  Ã‚  The company provides normal goods for the public. They offer service to the public and strive f or excellence business. I chose this example because ASDA is a largeRead MoreMerger Is The Merging Of Jds Fitel Inc. And Uniphase Corp1325 Words   |  6 Pages1. Definitions: 1.1. Merger: â€Å"A merger is a combining of two or more companies to form a new company†. An example of a merger is the merging of JDS Fitel Inc. and Uniphase Corp. in 1999 to form JDS Uniphase. 1.2. Acquisition: To acquire another firm, usually through the purchase of shares of the company or to buy assets of the business directly. â€Å"Acquisition is the purchase of one company by another in which no new company is formed†. An example of an acquisition is Manulife Financial CorporationRead MoreCost Free Treatment Under Irc Section 368 Essay1405 Words   |  6 Pagesreceived by target shareholders as consideration is deferred rather than avoided altogether. IRC Section 368 recognizes three types of corporate acquisition structures that qualify as tax-free reorganizations: Type â€Å"A† – stock for assets acquisition, which include statutory merger or consolidation; forward triangular merger; and reverse triangular merger In a statutory merger, target shareholders exchange their shares for acquirer stock and up to 60% book. Boot is immediately taxable to target shareholders

Resources on Communication Disturbances †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Resources on Communication Disturbances. Answer: Introduction: In the given case, Andrew has been observed with different behavioral disorder, which is not normal functioning of an individual. The observed disorders of Andrew are related to the symptoms and signs of mental illness. Thus, he needs to be communicated properly, in order to overcome his situation. In order to deliver care treatment to Andrew, it is necessary to be engaged with him, by using the interpersonal skills management. The skills, which can be used to be engaged with him, are: Listening is one of the interpersonal skills, which can be used in treating the mental health patients. Active listening of nurses in the mental health treatment can help to analyses their situations, in a particular manner (Kidd et al., 2015). However, the choices of questions, to the patient need to be carefully chosen. As the listening skill of the nurses are considered as the therapeutic treatment, thus, it is important to interact with the patients with some questions. Active listening, in the given case of Andrew can help him to feel cared and respected, along with establishing a sense of trust and thus can help him to release his tensions and expressions. Touch, in case of Andrew can be used as the therapeutic communication and thus can help him to break the barriers of communication. Andrew can be communicated with the non-procedural touch, which can help to form a sense of affection and thus can help to burst out his mental stress. In case of Andrew, touch therapy can be used, however, with certain cautions. As Andrew has the hallucination that, people wants to create trouble for him, thus, the touch might frighten him with the same thought of fear. There are different therapeutic communication contexts, which are considered in the therapeutic communication with patients of mental disorder. Gender, values, attitudes, social status, beliefs need to be considered, while using the therapeutic communication with the mental disorder patients (World Health Organization, 2014). Andrew can be communicated with using the nonverbal communication of body gestures and facial expressions. In order to explore the nonverbal behavior of Andrew, body gestures and facial expressions will help to understand his situation and to deliver the feelings of empathy to him. Moreover, paraphrasing interpersonal skills can also be used, in order to communicate with Andrew. Paraphrasing includes speaking of the core message of patients in different words, in order to support the patient with therapeutic (Rogers Pilgrim, 2014). While with having interview with Andrew, different signs and symptoms have matched with the symptoms of mental illness. Moreover, the doctor has opined the symptoms and signs of behavioral of Andrew as the mental illness symptoms. The signs and symptoms, which have been seen in Andrew while during the interview, are: While having interview with Andrew, it has been seen that, Andrew was looking around and past, in order to look someone. He had clarified that; he can listen to the voices in the room, talking about him and has been sure that there were real people in the room. However, while the interview was going on, there was no one in the room. Andrew was hallucinating his imagination and thus, was imagining the voices, apart from the reality. The behavioral, which were observed during the interview, were matching the symptoms of mental illness of schizophrenia. The schizophrenia is a mental illness; in which, the individuals hears unreal voices and might face the situation of, dual personality (Taylor et al., 2014). As Andrew was listening the unreal voices, thus the opinion of doctor, of having psychotic disorder. Panic Disorder As from the observation, it has been seen that Andrew was feeling repetitively the fear of conspiracy against him. As he had described different evidences of conspiracy against him, like, moving of electrical equipments in his apartment, the discussions of other students with the lecturer, in order to get him into trouble, which were not real. All these described evidences, have been observed as his repetitive fear and thus match the symptom of panic disorder. The individuals facing the situation of panic disorder, generally, intermittent and imagines the repetitive attacks on them of intense fear towards them, which are not linked to any kind of reality (Kidd et al., 2014). As Andrew facers the same situation of repetitive fear of conspiracy and trouble fear in imagination and with hallucination, thus, the symptoms can be matched up with the symptom of psychological disorder, as opined by the doctor. As Andrew had been observed with the change in the general behavior of him by the doctor and as well as in the interview, with considering the unreal imagination of spy and transmitter chip in the head of Andrew, the signs can be related to the personality disorder. The individuals with personality disorder, faces the situations of extreme personality traits, which might cause problems in work of the individual (Ravesteijn et al., 2017). As Andrew has faced the problem of work, in relation to, degradation of his academic performance, thus, the signs can be related to personality disorder and psychotic disorder, as suggested by doctor. In order to make Andrew understand about the prescribed medication, he needs to be properly communicated. Communication can help to exchange the ideas and viewpoints and thus can help Andrew to understand the necessity of prescribed medication by the doctor to him. Using the efficient communication can help Andrew to have proper understanding on his mental disorder and the needs of prescribed medication, in his situation. In order to respond to the question of Andrew, on the reason for prescribing the medication to him effective and supportive communication management needs to be done. Andrew can be answered by explaining his situation briefly. However, the individuals with mental illness generally do not believe that they need any kind of treatment. In such responses, Andrew needs to be responded positively (Ravesteijn et al., 2017). The positive communication can be used by using the non-verbal communication, such as listening and touch. The therapeutic communication of touch can help him to gain trust and thus can help him to sense of care for him. Gaining the concern of care from us can help him to trust in use of prescribed medication by doctor. In order to respond his question, he needs to be concretely explained about his disease. Andrew might refuse to accept his disease; however, he needs to be explained about the use of medication in his case. The medication use in his situation will help him to understand that, it is for his better health. Andrew will be idealised by the doctor that with the medication and prescribed solutions by doctor will help him to enhance his health status. However, the way of communication to Andrew is the necessary part, which needs to be cared properly. Andrew needs to be supported mentally. Convincing him that, taking medication will not harm him, however, can improve his health issues can help him to understand the necessity of prescribed medication. As Andrew has to be convince, in order to use of medication in his case, thus he needs to be listened properly. Based on his needs, he might be given chances to be treated with his choice of health professionals. Andrew can be convinced with supporting him with therapeutic communication tools of verbal and nonverbal communication. He will be explained that, taking medications will help him to improve his academic performances. Moreover, Andrew needs to be explained his situation truthfully, in order to support him in all aspects. Andrew needs to be informed about his disease and the treatments properly, in order to support him. He can be treated with antipsychotic medications. In order to support him towards improving his situation properly, proper care treatments need to be done. In order to support him, he needs to be monitored properly and thus can have care treatments, based on the monitoring observation. The care planning of Andrew includes: Goals and Identification of basic needs Based on the type of psychotic disorder, the goals and basic needs need to be maintained. Maintenance of basic needs of Andrew will help him to support mentally and psychologically. The goals of treating Andrew need to be set, in order to treat him with medication compliance. The behavior of Andrew needs to be analysed, in order to support him with proper medication. Psychotic disorder might be caused, because of sleeping disorders. The behavior assistance can include the sleeping assessments, general behavior assessments, relationship assessment and other behaviors, in order to provide him the behavioral therapeutic treatment care (Boyd et al., 2014). As Andrew will be treated with the medication and other therapeutic treatment, like, meditation, thus, he needs to follow a proper diet chart, based on his medication doses and his health issues. Andrew needs to be regularly monitored with identification of the needs and requirements, which should be changed. The changes will depend on the effect of the medication and the therapeutic treatment on him. His improvements and monitoring of situations will be discussed with the multidisciplinary team of health care professions. The multi-disciplinary team of health professions, in case of Andrew will include dietician, psychiatrist, psychotic disorder nurses, psychotic doctors and others (Le et al., 2017). The required changes will be done based on the consultation of the multidisciplinary team of Andrew. Based on the observation and monitoring management, the required changes will be applied in treatment of Andrew. The treatment specification will also be chosen, based on the observation of Andrew's monitoring, in order to support him in accordance to nest treatment care practices. The observed changes and improvements will be recorded, in order to analyse his situation and thus delivering proper care treatment based on the improvements. Andrew will be informed with the monitoring changes and the medication information. He will be treated with regular exercises, meditation, in order to release his stress. The records on his health status will be documented, in order to analyse the needed changes and barriers, which can restrict in his health status improvement. The nurses will help him to analyse his decision-making assessment, in order to support him psychologically. References Boyd, J. E., Adler, E. P., Otilingam, P. G., Peters, T. (2014). Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) scale: a multinational review.Comprehensive Psychiatry,55(1), 221-231. Kidd, S., Kenny, A., McKinstry, C. (2014). From experience to action in recovery-oriented mental health practice: A first person inquiry.Action Research,12(4), 357-373. Kidd, S., Kenny, A., McKinstry, C. (2015). The meaning of recovery in a regional mental health service: an action research study.Journal of advanced nursing,71(1), 181-192. Le, T. P., Najolia, G. M., Minor, K. S., Cohen, A. S. (2017). The effect of limited cognitive resources on communication disturbances in serious mental illness.Psychiatry research,248, 98-104. Ravesteijn, B., Schachar, E. B., Beekman, A. T., Janssen, R. T. J. M., Jeurissen, P. P. (2017). Association of cost sharing with mental health care use, involuntary commitment, and acute care.JAMA psychiatry,21(19), pp.18-26. Rogers, A., Pilgrim, D. (2014).A sociology of mental health and illness. New York: McGraw-Hill Education. Taylor, G., McNeill, A., Girling, A., Farley, A., Lindson-Hawley, N., Aveyard, P. (2014). Change in mental health after smoking cessation: systematic review and meta-analysis. 21(3), pp.348-363. World Health Organization. (2014).Social determinants of mental health. London: World Health Organization.

Normans And Middle English Essays - English Languages, Phonology

Normans And Middle English The year 1066 had a resounding impact on the course of English history. William the First, Duke of Normandy, conquered England and took it as a stronghold in his reign. The French rule over England lasted for several centuries and brought about innumerable changes to the English state, language, culture and lifestyle. William imported French rulers to take over English government and religious posts. The French were not only the new aristocracy in England, but the new society. The English amended their language and their culture in an effort to more resemble the French and to communicate with their new lords. The English language was more changed by the Norman Conquest than by any other event in the course of English history. Middle English is defined as the four hundred year period between the Norman Conquest and the time the printing press was introduced to England in 1476. This essay will explore the specific effects that the French had on Middle English morphology, phonology, syntax, semantics and lexicon. During the period of French rule in England the standing of English as a valid language dropped substantially as French took over as the status language. Because so much of the French influence has been nativized by present-day speakers, many do not realize the impact that our language took in the years following 1066. Not one aspect of English life went untouched by the Norman presence in England, notably, its language. Phonology In addition to introducing new words into the English language, the Normans also introduced some new sounds. The English had previously had no phonemic distinction between /f/ and /v/; /v/ was merely an allophone of /f/ that occurred between vowels. However, with the influx of French loans which began in /v/ and contrasted as minimal pairs in English, this distinction made its way into Middle English: French loans English vetch fetch view few vile file The French also influenced the adoption of several new diphthongs into English. Diphthongs are two vowel sounds which are pronounced as one. Diphthong Old French Old English /eu/ neveu neveu (nephew) /au/ cause cause /Ui/ bouillir boille (boil) point point / i/ noyse noise choisir chois (choice) The new English diphthongs were not exactly like they were in French - they were modified by existing English vowels to create brand new diphthongs. The stress pattern of Old French words differed from that of Old English words, and often both stress patterns were present. Germanic languages, such as English, tends to place primary stress on the first syllable, unless that syllable is an unstressed prefix. French, on the other hand, prefers to stress the heavy syllable (one containing a coda) closest to the end of the word. Middle English loans from French often retained their native stress pattern, however, in Present-Day English, the majority of these borrowed words have conformed to the Germanic pattern. Lexicon Irrefutably, the largest influence that the Normans had on the English language was on its vocabulary. From the time William usurped the English throne until the end of the Middle English period, our language was inundated with French vocabulary terms. In fact, of the 2,650 words in the epic English poem "Sir Gawaine and the Green Knight," at least 750 are estimated to be of French origin. Even in Present-Day English, some of our most commonly used words are of French origin; table, tax, religion, trouble and pray are all derived from French words borrowed into Middle English. Hardly one syntactic category was left untouched by French loan-words during Middle English, although the majority of English words borrowed from Old French tended to be nouns, verbs and adjectives. The following is a very brief sample of some now-common words which had recently joined English in the Middle English period: Adjectives: inequales ?inequal,' principalis ?principal,' naturales ?natural' Verbs: strive, please, waste, join, cover Prepositions: French contributed to the constructions of according to and during Interjections: gramercy ?thank you' Nouns: ancestor, cellar, dinner, garment, kennel, music, noun, plague, statute The French gave the English language many specialized words, such as those used in culinary or legal situations. Because the Normans had taken over judicial and aristocratic roles, their high-prestige vocabulary was passed on to the lower-class English who acted as their clerks and servants. Thus, many cooking terms such as broil, goblet, and beverage were passed on by masters to their servants. The French influence on the lexicon was nearly nonexistent in areas where the French masters would have had little or no contact with their servants, for example, in the field.

The Basic Format of an APA Abstract with Examples

The Basic Format of an APA Abstract with Examples The first thing youll notice on an APA abstract is the running head, in all caps. Directly to the right of it, youll see the page number, which should be 2.This is because the running head and page number are required in all APA papers, and continued at the top right-hand side of the page in all capital letters, along with the page number denoting the second page of the paper, following the title page.Basic format of an APA abstractIn the basic format of an APA abstract, the word Abstract is centered and without additional font changes. Then the abstract content begins beneath it- all in one paragraph with no indentation and one-inch margins on either side.Here is an example of the basic format of an APA abstract:This is the format all APA abstracts should follow.Notice that the running title of the paper and the page number are at the header of the page. The abstract itself is beneath the title Abstract, which is centered and without additional format at the center of the page. Addi tionally, the keywords are included at the bottom- this time with an indentation and the word Keywords italicized. Each keyword is separated by a comma.The abstract, itself, should be correctly formatted. Specifically, it should be one paragraph that is NOT indented, and it should include the following information:An introduction to previous studiesThe main problems with the previous studies that are address in the new study.How the new study has been conducted.What the new study reveals that adds to previous studies.Conclusions of the new studies that add to the literature on the topic.Keywords related to the topic, indented, with the title of Keywords italicized and the keywords themselves separated by commas.Below is an example of a correctly formatted and written APA abstract.This is a sample APA abstract in the field of Education.This shows you the formatting required for an APA abstract, as well as an example abstract written. Notice how the opening sentence summarizes what th e paper explores. The second and third sentences state the problem in research that the paper aims to address. And the abstract closes with the final aims of the paper, along with the results of the study.Keywords are then included at the bottom. Notice how they are indented and separated by commas.Also notice the white space at the bottom of the page. This is what you should aim for when writing your abstract. An abstract that takes up an entire page is often an overwritten, wordy one- and one that goes beyond the recommended 150 to 250-word abstract.

Overview of Ryan Air Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Overview of Ryan Air - Essay Example In the years1990 and 1991, the firm had new management and this resulted into a complete overhaul. The firm adopted some practices of Southwest Airline and this made it to cut its routes to 5 from 19. By the year 1991, Ryan Air was in possession of 6 aircrafts, 350 workers, and besides, it carried about 700,000 passengers annually in the five routes and from the year 1991 to the year1997, the firm increased the fleets it had to 21, and besides, it increased the routes it followed. All through this period, the number of passengers continued to grow because of the low fares that were charged by the firm. The firm was prevented from expanding its market by strict regulations that were enforced on the European airlines. However, the year 1997 was a turning point for the airline industry in Europe and for Ryan Air; this was because the regulations that prevented the airlines form expanding their boundaries were lifted and the airlines had the opportunity of establishing newer routes so as to cover the whole continent of Europe; thus this made Ryan Air to expand its routes. By the year 2001, Ryan Air had the largest travel website in the whole of Europe and in a span of three months after the launch of the website in the year 2000; it got more than 50,000 online bookings in a week. The firm realized that passengers were in need of transportation which was very fast and also inexpensive and for the firm to offer the cheap transportation method, low costs as well as efficiency were vital. Therefore, Ryanair changed business within the industry by providing lower charges and despite this; they have managed to make consistent profits through reduced costs. Through the use of Southwest model of lower costs, Ryan air developed a strategy, which was different from the ones of Lufthansa, British Airways, as well as Air France, for instance Ryan air made use of one aircraft fleet that ensured there were economies of scale in planning as well as training its crews, stocking sp are parts and also maintenance of its planes (Leocha). The firm also transitioned from B737-200s as well as B737-300s, which was bought by the firm as second hand to newer B737-800s. The firm reduced maintenance costs by introducing newer aircraft and besides, the productivity as well as the efficiency of the firm also improved through the use of no-frills methodology. Customary, in-flight services like seat allocation, complimentary drinks, meals and provision of newspapers were eliminated by the firm, rather, the company got a lot of profits from the minor services through charging passengers for in-flight services as well as additional travel expenses like travel insurance. Besides, workers were always compensated when sales were made and therefore, Ryan Air benefited through increased profits as well as efficiency. The passenger base of Ryanair grew to 23.1 million in the year 2003 down from 6.1 million in 2000. During this period, the profits made by the firm greatly increased to â‚ ¬226.5 million from â‚ ¬72.5 million. The competition within the airline industry in Europe was changed by low-cost-low frills strategy of RyanAir and this made a number of other low-cost operators to amalgamate to counter competition. The objective of Ryanair is to establish itself firmly as the leading low-fares airline in Europe through persistent improvements as

Gender Discrimination in the workplaceDifferences in earnings Research Proposal

Gender Discrimination in the workplaceDifferences in earnings - Research Proposal Example In earlier times, the gap between the pay of men and women was large. In recent times, this gap has narrowed to a great extent. What is this gap This is when men and women earnings are measured, a woman's earnings is always less than that of a man. Men earnings are used as a standard to measure female pays (Facts on Working Women, 2004). In 1992, women's median hourly earning was 79.4 percent of men's. While the female median wage or salary rate was 75.4 percent of their male equivalents. Annual women earnings in 1992 were 70.6 percent of men earnings (Facts on Working Women, 2004). These figures (adapted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics) prove that women are paid less. They were paid even less 40 years earlier than 1992. In these years, from early 1950s, women earnings have grown by 1.3 percent each year while men earnings have only grown by a 1.1 percent annually. This shows that the earnings gap narrowed in these 40 so years and continues to do so. The widest gap in earnings was found in sales job in the late 1990s. Only one out of every ten women was employed in such an occupation (BLS, 2008). The following graph is adapted from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. It shows women's earnings as a percentage of men earnings over the last 28 years, by age. The graph shows that women's earnings as a percentage of men's has generally increased over the last thirty years. The earnings gap has narrowed for all age groups. However, we must remember that employment patters consistently illustrate that women largely occupy lower-paid jobs than men, even after providing for changes in tastes and productivity. This paper will revolve around the question of discrimination in the workplace. Are women paid less than men The paper will discuss which gender is paid less in the workplace and is discriminated against. First, this will be illustrated by giving statistical information about differences in earnings. After this, reasons for such differences will be discussed and it will be evaluated why there is discrimination in the workplace. Discussion According to an economist's definition, discrimination in the workplace is when two people have equal productivity but different outcomes. These people are most likely to be a part of different groups. Like I mentioned earlier, it is a well known fact that women have been a target of discrimination in the workplace. Evidence of discrimination in the workplace is subtle. They can be analyzed by either direct testimonies or by studying statistical employment patterns (Jacobsen, 2007). Some people say that because of this discrimination they are also paid less in earnings than the men in same or similar organizations. But we must understand that men, obviously, are stronger; physically and sometimes, even mentally. Men are good in crisis. Most men have the attributes of natural leaders, for example, strong mindedness etcetera. Besides that, many women wish to spend more time with family and less time at work. They may not be as willing as their male counterparts to travel around the world to get promoted to higher positions. They might not be so comfortable with the idea of having to shift their homes in search of better job opportunities. Women might be more willing to take more time off from work and longer breaks to deliver and/or look after their babies. These are also some of the reasons

Poverty Porn Essay Example for Free

Poverty Porn Essay Fundraising is a noble and selfless deed. However, an ethical issue has risen concerning the process of raising funds for poverty-stricken communities. Often, visuals of the harsh lives people in poverty face are portrayed when raising funds. The exploitation of such visuals to increase donations or support a cause is known as poverty pornography (Collin, 2009). Poverty pornography is effective in raising funds but it is incorrect due to the unethical way it is carried out that degrades the poverty-stricken communities. Poverty pornography is widely used by charitable organisations because it is an effective method of collecting donations. Research has shown that negative stimuli which evoke emotion can easily capture an individual’s attention (Murphy, Hill, Ramponi, Calder Barnard, 2010). Images of children as well as those which bring about negative emotions also tend to generate more donations (Burt Strongman, 2005). Thus, the disturbing visuals of dying children and women as well as their harsh living conditions portrayed in poverty pornography is effective in grabbing attention and generating feelings of sympathy. These feelings are then converted into actions whereby donations are increased. Therefore, poverty pornography plays a role in helping poverty-stricken communities as it easily grabs people’s attention and encourages them to increase their donations. However, its method of exploiting visuals that degrade the poverty-stricken communities makes poverty pornography unethical. The exploitation of biased visuals depicts poverty-stricken communities in a negative manner. Common examples are severely malnourished African children staring at the camera, waiting to be â€Å"saved† (Osa, 2010). While it is true that there are malnourished children, there are healthier children too. However, poverty pornography is biased as it does not represent this side of poverty-stricken communities. Although taken for a good cause, a distorted image of them is painted (Opoku-Owusu, 2003). This is unethical as the partial representation degrades them, leaving the impression that they are helpless individuals, waiting for their lives to be taken away and unable to do anything. On the other hand, some charitable organisations try to incorporate positive images into their advertisements by showing the after-effects of our donations. For example, they may show visuals of happy, smiling children as a result of our aid. However, such images indirectly degrade the communities as it gives us the impression that without our assistance, they are unable to survive. In 2001, a poll conducted in United Kingdom discovered that 74% thought that â€Å"Developing countries depend on the money and knowledge of the West to progress† (Voluntary Service Overseas, 2002). From this, we can deduce that many have the perception that poverty-stricken communities are weak and vulnerable as they are highly dependent on our help. However, this may not be true because in reality, they are the most â€Å"strongest willed, most tenacious people one could hope to meet† (Cowdroy Evans, 2010). Thus, the misrepresentation creates a false impression that poverty-stricken communities are weak and cannot survive without our aid. This false impression may also create an environment of self-pity which may lead to self-fulfilling prophecies. The self-fulfilling prophecy, introduced by Merton (1948), refers to circumstances whereby an initial false claim later turns into reality. The exploitation of negative visuals pertaining to the lives of poverty-stricken communities has led to a stereotype that they are â€Å"uneducated, incapable of freeing themselves from poverty, lacking in competence, and miserable† (Clark, 2004). This stereotype may cause people to hold negative expectations on the poverty-stricken communities (Madon, Jussim, Eccles, 1997). Although these negative expectations may not be true initially, the poverty-stricken communities might adhere to them thus leading to a self-fulfilled prophecy. Therefore, the use of poverty pornography to assist them may backfire as incorrect claims can become true. Nevertheless, many organizations unremittingly use poverty pornography. Does this make poverty pornography a necessary evil? Poverty pornography is definitely not a necessary evil. It is unethical to degrade or stereotype the poverty-stricken communities, even if it is for a noble cause. Moreover, poverty pornography can instead contribute to the  poverty cycle as the negative assumptions about the poverty-stricken communities may become self-fulfilling prophecies. Thus, instead of eradicating poverty, it may worsen the conditions of poverty-stricken communities. However what other methods can we adopt to increase awareness on the needs of the poverty-stricken communities without degrading them? Instead of exploiting biased images that generate feelings of sympathy, programmes that create feelings of empathy and responsibility can be created. One such event is the inaugural 30 Hour Famine Camp in Singapore held by World Vision. In this camp, youths are given a feel of life in poverty by taking part in activities that simulates lives of children in poverty. The youths also make a stand to end global poverty by fasting for thirty hours. This camp generates empathy which encourages youths to not only donate but also to think of more ways to assist by allowing them to realise that they have the ability and responsibility to help end poverty. To portray full representation of their lives, some have embarked on projects like ‘Perspectives of Poverty’ which â€Å"expose[s] this bias [poverty pornography] and present people in a light of dignity† (McNiholl, n.d). Even though it may not help in raising funds, by presenting poverty-stricken in a better light, it balances off how degrading poverty pornography has been and slowly alters people’s perception on poverty-stricken communities. This can help remove stereotypes on them thus avoid self-fulfilling prophecies. Poverty pornography has proven to be effective. However, its unethical methods have undermined the usefulness of helping poverty-stricken communities. Instead of assisting, it strips them of their dignity, their ability to help themselves and contribute to the poverty cycle. Even though poverty pornography cannot be eradicated in the near future as it is widely used, the two methods presented above are examples of how we can slowly break away from poverty pornography. 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